Research Results
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2021
Int J Epidemiol
This French study of over 13,000 postmenopausal women found that those with low dietary exposure to synthetic pesticides (primarily from eating organic foods) had a 43% lower breast cancer risk, while overweight and obese women with high exposure to certain pesticides (including chlorpyrifos and malathion) had over four times the breast cancer risk. The researchers estimated pesticide exposure by tracking whether participants ate conventional or organic versions of various foods and using a database of pesticide residues found on different crops. These findings suggest that dietary pesticide exposure from conventional foods may increase breast cancer risk, particularly in women who are overweight or obese, though more research is needed to confirm these results and understand the underlying mechanisms.
2021
PLOS One
A case-control study in Ethiopia examined 50 breast cancer patients and 50 controls to investigate whether exposure to organochlorine pesticides is a risk factor for breast cancer in a low- and middle-income country context. Ten organochlorine pesticides were detected in participants’ serum, with heptachlor found at highest concentrations; mean serum levels of p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, heptachlor, gamma-chlordane, endosulfan, and dibutyl-chlorendate were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than controls, and p,p’-DDT and gamma-chlordane emerged as significant predictors of breast cancer, with each unit increase in p,p’-DDT concentration doubling breast cancer odds (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.04-3.97) and each unit increase in gamma-chlordane tripling the odds (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.19-8.20). These findings suggest that organochlorine pesticide exposure may be a significant breast cancer risk factor in Ethiopia, where environmental contamination from these persistent organic pollutants remains a concern despite global restrictions. The study highlights the public health importance of reducing exposure to these banned or restricted pesticides in developing countries and emphasizes the need for continuous biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants to inform disease prevention strategies and mitigation measures, particularly as breast cancer incidence rises in low- and middle-income countries where environmental regulation may be less stringent.
2019
J Occup Environ Med
This case control study was conducted among Hispanic women agricultural workers who are exposed to pesticides. Chemicals associated with BC risk included organophosphates, organochlorines, and a phthalimide, Captan. The study concluded that agricultural work may be associated with increased BC risk in female Hispanic farm workers.
2023
Environ Sci Poll Res
A study of vegetables sold in Pakistan found that 80% of eggplant and 69% of cauliflower samples were contaminated with endocrine-disrupting pesticides, with 20% of eggplant exceeding EU safety limits and particularly high levels of chlorpyrifos (an androgen blocker) and cyhalothrin-lambda (a thyroid hormone inhibitor). The acute health risk from eating contaminated cauliflower exceeded safe limits by more than 200% for both men and women, meaning a single serving could deliver more than twice the acceptable daily dose of these hormone-disrupting chemicals. While estimated long-term (chronic) health risks were low for most population groups, the high acute exposure is concerning because these pesticides can interfere with hormone function and potentially increase risks for hormone-related diseases like breast cancer, especially with repeated exposures over time.
2022
Metabolites
This study investigates the effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on rice plants. High concentrations of chlorpyrifos inhibited growth, increased oxidative stress, and led to lipid peroxidation, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased, and protein synthesis was negatively impacted. Significant changes in amino acids and organic acids, including increased proline and glutathione, were observed, suggesting a stress response. Just as chlorpyrifos induces oxidative stress in plants, similar mechanisms may occur in humans, leading to cellular damage and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer.
2022
Metabolites
This study used advanced mass spectrometry to track how the pesticide chlorpyrifos breaks down in wheat plants after being sprayed during the flowering stage, finding that chlorpyrifos residues decreased relatively quickly (with a half-life of 2-5 days) across different plant parts. The pesticide metabolizes into 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), a potentially harmful compound that initially increases in wheat tissues before gradually degrading, peaking 3-11 days after application. The researchers recommend that 3,5,6-TCP be included in food safety regulations and dietary risk assessments because it persists in wheat and poses potential health threats to humans and animals. This finding is particularly important for establishing appropriate waiting periods between pesticide application and harvest to minimize consumer exposure.