Research Results
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2024
J Hazard Mater
A study analyzing 162 non-alcoholic beverages found that 63 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were present in 144 products, with concentrations highest in metal-canned beverages and significantly lower or absent in glass, plastic, and carton packaging. Bisphenol A (BPA) levels were notably elevated in canned drinks compared to identical products from the same manufacturers packaged in glass or plastic, and researchers identified two previously unknown BPA structural isomers in beverages for the first time. The calculated daily BPA exposure from average beverage consumption (364 mL/day) exceeded the European Food Safety Authority’s revised safety guideline by up to 2,000-fold, suggesting that regular consumption of canned non-alcoholic beverages—particularly by young children—poses a potential health hazard due to EDC exposure from packaging materials.
2022
Ecotoxicology
An experimental study using wild-type and thyroid hormone receptor alpha knockout (thrαa⁻/⁻) zebrafish embryos/larvae found that avobenzone and octinoxate—organic UV filters commonly used in sunscreens and widely detected in water—disrupt the thyroid endocrine system, with significantly lower survival rates in thrαa⁻/⁻ fish exposed to ≥3 μM of either compound, indicating the thyroid hormone receptor plays a crucial role in their toxicity. Avobenzone exposure increased the T3:T4 ratio with upregulation of the deio2 gene, while both chemicals decreased T4 levels and triggered compensatory upregulation of hypothalamus and pituitary genes (trh, tshβ, tshr), indicating feedback mechanisms attempting to maintain hormonal homeostasis. These findings demonstrate that two widely used sunscreen ingredients act as thyroid endocrine disruptors by affecting thyroid hormone receptors and disrupting the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, raising concerns about aquatic environmental contamination from these chemicals and potential impacts on thyroid function in exposed organisms, including implications for human exposure through water and dermal application.
2012
Environ Health Perspect
This study analyzed 213 everyday products, including cosmetics, cleaners, and personal care items, for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and asthma-related compounds. Testing revealed 55 chemicals, with fragranced products and sunscreens containing the highest levels. Vinyl products were also found to contain significant amounts of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a known EDC. Many harmful chemicals were not listed on product labels, limiting consumer ability to avoid them. These results highlight the presence of potentially harmful chemicals in commonly used products, raising concerns about their widespread use in household and personal care items.