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2025
Environ Pollut
This study examined the combined toxic effects of nanoplastic particles (NPs) and DEHP plasticizer on mouse mammary epithelial cells, finding that co-exposure caused severe cell death (pyroptosis), inflammation, and oxidative stress. The researchers discovered that the combination damaged mitochondria and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to disrupted cellular energy production and membrane integrity. Notably, co-exposure enhanced communication between cellular organelles (ER-mitochondria crosstalk), involving increased calcium levels and expanded contact areas between these structures. The findings reveal new molecular mechanisms by which plastic particles and plasticizers can work together to damage mammary gland tissue, providing insights into potential breast health risks from environmental plastic pollution.
2017
Sci Rep
An experimental study in mice using fluorescent polystyrene microplastics (5 μm and 20 μm diameter) found that microplastics accumulated in liver, kidney, and gut with tissue distribution and kinetics strongly dependent on particle size. Exposure induced disturbances in energy and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and altered blood biomarkers of neurotoxicity, as revealed through biochemical analyses and metabolomic profiling. This study provides new evidence for adverse health consequences of microplastic exposure in mammals, demonstrating tissue-specific accumulation patterns and systemic metabolic disruptions, though information about microplastic toxicity in mammals remains limited compared to marine organisms despite the ubiquitous environmental presence of these particles in oceans, rivers, soil, food, and even table salt.
2020
Environ Health Perspect
This article focuses on microplastics (MP’s), their effect on marine life and routes of human exposure. MP human exposure usually occurs through inhalation or ingestion which comes from contaminated fish and environment. MP’s are concerning because they spread either as pellets/by products or through degradation and fragmentation of plastic products. When this occurs, and reaches water and marine life, they then become contaminated with this plastic and degrade further, and leave forever chemicals as well. Due to the complex and persistent nature of these chemicals, they remain in organ systems of humans for long periods of time. It is important to remember that in small amounts they may not cause many effects but as these chemicals accumulate, it can cause risk to reproductive and hormonal issues.