Research Results
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2022
Environ Res
A study of 6,247 greenspace workers (landscapers, gardeners, groundskeepers) from the French AGRICAN cohort found significantly elevated cancer risks compared to farmers and non-agricultural workers. Male greenspace workers showed 15% higher overall cancer incidence, with particularly elevated risks for prostate cancer (21% increase), thyroid cancer (184% increase), testicular cancer (298% increase), and skin melanoma (115% increase), while female greenspace workers had a 71% increased risk of breast cancer. The study also found that greenspace workers reported more allergic diseases and, among males, more depression compared to other occupational groups. These findings highlight that greenspace workers face distinct occupational health risks, likely related to pesticide exposure and other workplace hazards, and should be studied separately from agricultural workers rather than being grouped together in research.
2021
Environ Pollut
A pilot study of 250 predominantly postmenopausal women in Hawaii found that higher levels of AMPA (the primary breakdown product of the herbicide Glyphosate) in urine were associated with significantly increased breast cancer risk, with women in the highest exposure group having 4.5 times the risk compared to those with the lowest exposure. AMPA was detected in the urine of 90% of breast cancer cases and 84% of healthy controls, with cases showing 38% higher average AMPA levels. This is the first study to prospectively examine the link between AMPA exposure and breast cancer, and while the findings suggest a concerning association, the authors emphasize that larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and explore potential differences across racial and ethnic groups.
2025
Food Chem Toxicol
An in vitro study examining the effects of Roundup® (a Glyphosate-based herbicide) on non-tumorigenic (MCF10A) and tumorigenic (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) breast cell lines found that the herbicide affects cells through a non-estrogenic mechanism, impacting both hormone-dependent and -independent cells with dose- and time-dependent toxic and proliferative effects, and altered expression of key breast cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) even at low doses. Treatment with epigenetic modulators (epidrugs) was able to reverse some Roundup®-induced changes, suggesting the herbicide causes epigenetic modifications that may contribute to breast cancer development. These findings highlight that Glyphosate-based herbicides—widely used in agriculture and recognized as potential carcinogens and endocrine disruptors—may induce epigenetic changes linked to breast cancer risk through mechanisms distinct from estrogenic pathways, underscoring the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop personalized prevention strategies for populations exposed to agricultural herbicides.
2024
Ecotoxicol Public Health
A case-control study of 758 women in southwestern Paraná, Brazil—a region with intensive pesticide use and 41% higher breast cancer rates than the national average—found that even women not working in fields but handling contaminated equipment and laundry tested positive for Glyphosate, atrazine, and 2,4-D. While the overall breast cancer risk association with pesticide exposure was non-significant after adjustment (OR = 1.30), exposed women had significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.31-3.72), indicating more aggressive disease. These findings suggest pesticide exposure in agricultural communities may be associated with development of more aggressive breast cancer, highlighting the need for monitoring both occupational and household pesticide exposure in rural populations.
2023
Gut Microbes
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide, works by blocking a pathway that plants use to make certain amino acids—a pathway that humans don’t have—but this same pathway exists in gut bacteria, raising concerns about the herbicide’s effects on the human microbiome. Growing evidence suggests that Glyphosate exposure may disrupt the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, potentially inhibiting their growth or altering their function, which could have important health implications given the gut microbiome’s significant role in overall wellbeing. This review highlights the need for further research into how Glyphosate exposure affects gut bacteria composition and function, as disruptions to the microbiome have been linked to various health disorders.